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Primary cell culture is the ex vivo culture of cells freshly obtained from a multicellular organism, as opposed to the culture of immortalized cell lines.In general, primary cell cultures are considered more representative of in vivo tissues than cell lines, and this is recognized legally in some countries such as the UK (Human Tissue Act 2004). [1]
The alternative, performing an analysis on primary cells from multiple tissue donors, does not have this advantage. [ citation needed ] Immortalised cell lines find use in biotechnology, where they are a cost-effective way of growing cells similar to those found in a multicellular organism in vitro .
The adult human body is estimated to contain about 30 trillion (3×10 13) human cells, with the number varying between 20 and 100 trillion depending on factors such as sex, age, and weight. Additionally, there are approximately an equal number of bacterial cells.
Among the most commonly used cell lines are HeLa and Jurkat, both of which are immortalized cancer cell lines. [4] These cells have been and still are widely used in biological research such as creation of the polio vaccine, [5] sex hormone steroid research, [6] and cell metabolism. [7] Embryonic stem cells and germ cells have also been ...
Immortalized cell lines can be generated from cells isolated from tumors, or mutations can be introduced to make the cells immortal. [1] A stem cell line is also distinct from primary cells. Primary cells are cells that have been isolated and then used immediately.
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Astrocytes (green) in the context of neurons (red) in a mouse cortex cell culture 23-week-old fetal brain culture human astrocyte Astrocytes (red-yellow) among neurons (green) in the living cerebral cortex. Astrocytes are a sub-type of glial cells in the central nervous system. They are also known as astrocytic glial cells.
HeLa (/ ˈ h iː l ɑː /) is an immortalized cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest human cell line and one of the most commonly used. [1] [2] HeLa cells are durable and prolific, allowing for extensive applications in scientific study.