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In time series analysis, the moving-average model (MA model), also known as moving-average process, is a common approach for modeling univariate time series. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The moving-average model specifies that the output variable is cross-correlated with a non-identical to itself random-variable.
There are two approximations in this what is called first approximation estimate: reduction to the average of the vector field and negligence of () terms. Uniformity with respect to the initial condition x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} : if we vary x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} this affects the estimation of L {\displaystyle L} and c {\displaystyle c} .
In the statistical analysis of time series, autoregressive–moving-average (ARMA) models are a way to describe a (weakly) stationary stochastic process using autoregression (AR) and a moving average (MA), each with a polynomial. They are a tool for understanding a series and predicting future values.
A simple moving average can be considered to be a sequence of temporal means over periods of equal duration. (If the time variable is continuous , the average value during the time period is the integral over the period divided by the length of the duration of the period.) [ 1 ]
Smoothing of a noisy sine (blue curve) with a moving average (red curve). In statistics, a moving average (rolling average or running average or moving mean [1] or rolling mean) is a calculation to analyze data points by creating a series of averages of different selections of the full data set.
According to Wold's decomposition theorem, [4] [5] [6] the ARMA model is sufficient to describe a regular (a.k.a. purely nondeterministic [6]) wide-sense stationary time series, so we are motivated to make such a non-stationary time series stationary, e.g., by using differencing, before we can use ARMA.
) The vector is modelled as a linear function of its previous value. The vector's components are referred to as y i,t, meaning the observation at time t of the i th variable. For example, if the first variable in the model measures the price of wheat over time, then y 1,1998 would indicate the price of wheat in the year 1998.
In mathematics, a time dependent vector field is a construction in vector calculus which generalizes the concept of vector fields. It can be thought of as a vector field which moves as time passes. For every instant of time, it associates a vector to every point in a Euclidean space or in a manifold.