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IF amplifiers in heterodyne receivers apply gain in a frequency band between the input radio frequency and output audio frequency or video frequency, often following one stage of RF amplifier. This allows most of the gain in the form of a fixed-frequency amplifier, simplifying tuning. Compare to its predecessor, the tuned RF receiver.
A bridge-parallel amplifier topology is a hierarchical combination of the bridged and paralleled amplifier topologies, with at least four single-ended channels needed to produce one bridge-parallel channel. The two topologies complement each other in that the bridging allows for higher voltage output and the paralleling provides the current ...
Intermediate frequency tends to be lower frequency range compared to the transmitted RF frequency. However, the choices for the IF are most dependent on the available components such as mixer, filters, amplifiers and others that can operate at lower frequency. There are other factors involved in deciding the IF, because lower IF is susceptible ...
A 5-tube superheterodyne receiver manufactured by Toshiba circa 1955 Superheterodyne transistor radio circuit circa 1975. A superheterodyne receiver, often shortened to superhet, is a type of radio receiver that uses frequency mixing to convert a received signal to a fixed intermediate frequency (IF) which can be more conveniently processed than the original carrier frequency.
Typical push–pull audio tube power amplifier, matched to loudspeaker with an impedance-matching transformer. Audio amplifiers typically do not match impedances, but provide an output impedance that is lower than the load impedance (such as < 0.1 ohm in typical semiconductor amplifiers), for improved speaker damping.
The op-amp inverting amplifier is a typical circuit, with parallel negative feedback, based on the Miller theorem, where the op-amp differential input impedance is apparently decreased to zero Zeroed impedance uses an inverting (usually op-amp) amplifier with enormously high gain A v → ∞ {\displaystyle A_{v}\to \infty } .
The steps in deriving the gain using the asymptotic gain formula are outlined below for two negative feedback amplifiers. The single transistor example shows how the method works in principle for a transconductance amplifier, while the second two-transistor example shows the approach to more complex cases using a current amplifier.
A mechanical amplifier or a mechanical amplifying element is a linkage mechanism that amplifies the magnitude of mechanical quantities such as force, displacement, velocity, acceleration and torque in linear and rotational systems. [1]