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The word Fenian (/ ˈ f iː n i ə n /) served as an umbrella term for the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and their affiliate in the United States, the Fenian Brotherhood. They were secret political organisations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries dedicated to the establishment of an independent Irish Republic .
General Samuel Spear of the Fenians escaped arrest, and, on June 7, 1866 Spear and his 1000 men marched into Canada and occupied Pigeon Hill, Frelighsburg, St. Armand and Stanbridge. Until this point the Canadian government had done little to defend the border, but on June 8 Canadian forces marched to Pigeon Hill and the Fenian force there, low ...
The Fenian Movement in the United States, 1858–86 (Catholic University of America Press, 1947) Jenkins, Brian. Fenians and Anglo-American Relations during Reconstruction (Cornell University Press, 1969). Jenkins, Brian, The Fenian Problem: Insurgency and Terrorism in a Liberal State, 1858–1874 (Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press. 2008).
Glory O, Glory O, to the bold Fenian men. When I was a young girl, their marching and drilling Awoke in the glenside sounds awesome and thrilling They loved dear old Ireland, to die they were willing Glory O, Glory O, to the bold Fenian men. Some died by the glenside, some died near a stranger And wise men have told us their cause was a failure
The Fenians were a transatlantic association consisting of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, founded in Dublin by James Stephens in 1858, and the Fenian Brotherhood, founded in the United States by John O'Mahony and Michael Doheny, also in 1858. Their aim was the establishment of an independent Irish Republic by force of arms.
O'Neill, ranked as colonel, travelled to the Canada–US border with a group from Nashville to participate in the Fenian raids. The assigned commander of the expedition did not appear, so O'Neill took command. On 1 June 1866, he led a group of six hundred men across the Niagara River and occupied Fort Erie.
Some Fenians chose to desert, crossing the river on a variety of stolen or improvised craft. The remainder, 850 in number, [ 2 ] crossed in a body and surrendered to a US naval party from USS Michigan near Buffalo , putting an end to Fenian incursions along the Niagara Peninsula.
The name was probably derived the Fenian Cycle, a body of medieval Gaelic poems about a mythical pre-Christian Irish army. [5] The early portion of Geoffrey Keating's History is occupied with the exploits of the ancient Fenians. [3]