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Bryum species generally have shorter laminal cells with short, thick, and rounded stems. [3] All Bryum species exhibit narrowed cells at the margins. Bryum species can be identified through patterns of asexual reproduction , coloration features of the stem and leaf base, and the strength of the leaf border.
Chloroplasts (green discs) and accumulated starch granules in cells of Bryum capillare. Botanically, mosses are non-vascular plants in the land plant division Bryophyta. They are usually small (a few centimeters tall) herbaceous (non-woody) plants that absorb water and nutrients mainly through their leaves and harvest carbon dioxide and sunlight to create food by photosynthesis.
In hornworts, the meristem starts at the base where the foot ends, and the division of cells pushes the sporophyte body upwards. In mosses, the meristem is located between the capsule and the top of the stalk (seta), and produces cells downward, elongating the stalk and elevating the capsule.
The transition from chloronema to caulonema cells along a filament is gradual. [4] Later in the development of the plant, caulonema cells can form new branches of chloronema cell type, called secondary chloronema. [3] The protonema cells grow apically, meaning that the growth of the filament happens by the division of the cells at the tip of ...
A spore develops into a filamentous structure called protonema, composed of two types of cells – chloronema with large and numerous chloroplasts and caulonema with very fast growth. Protonema filaments grow exclusively by tip growth of their apical cells and can originate side branches from subapical cells. Some side-branch initial cells can ...
The costa extends beyond the middle of the leaf. In damp, undisturbed locations, the branches may also form a more horizontal growth habit. The upper cells of the leaf surface are elongated rhomboid shaped. The capsule of the sporophyte is short cylindrical, appears broader at the base and is dark red to black colored. [2]
The leaf cells are elongated at the leaf base and smooth, the top sheet portion extends to approximately square and smooth. The leaf wing cells are clearly differentiated. The spore capsule, at the end of the 7-16 millimeter-long seta is strumose and more or less inclined.
They form the most numerous moss family known, containing nearly 1500 species or more than 10% of the 10,000 to 15,000 moss species known. ... Wikipedia® is a ...