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The oldest surviving framed house in North America, the Fairbanks House, has an ell with a gambrel roof, but this roof was a later addition. Claims to the origin of the gambrel roof form in North America include: Indigenous tribes of the Pacific Northwest, the Coast Salish, used gambrel roof form (Suttle & Lane (1990), p. 491). [10]
Used for its modern meaning of "gambrel-roofed house", the term does not reflect the fact that housing styles in Dutch-founded communities in New York evolved over time. In the Hudson Valley, for example, the use of brick, or brick and stone is perhaps more characteristic of Dutch Colonial houses than is their use of a gambrel roof.
A mansard roof on the Château de Dampierre, by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, great-nephew of François Mansart. A mansard or mansard roof (also called French roof or curb roof) is a multi-sided gambrel-style hip roof characterised by two slopes on each of its sides, with the lower slope at a steeper angle than the upper, and often punctured by dormer windows.
The Coppola House is a historic home located at Guilderland in Albany County, New York. It was built about 1910 and is a three-story frame residence in the Colonial Revival style. It features a gambrel roof with gables and dormers, a Palladian window , and a one-story surrounding porch with porte cochere .
It is thought to have been built between 1677 and 1678. Past historians considered it to be the oldest brick house in the United States, although that distinction belongs to Bacon's Castle, the 1665 plantation home of Virginian Arthur Allen. [2] [3] It is also believed to be, possibly, the oldest surviving house in the U.S. with a gambrel roof.
Bonnet roof: A reversed gambrel or Mansard roof with the lower portion at a lower pitch than the upper portion. Monitor roof: A roof with a monitor; 'a raised structure running part or all of the way along the ridge of a double-pitched roof, with its own roof running parallel with the main roof.'
Also, they were often similar to the Jennings barn design of 1879 (patent #218,031) with no tie beam so there were no beams to interfere with a hay fork (horse fork) on a track system (hay carrier) for pitching hay which became popular c. 1877. The gambrel roof shape lends itself to plank truss construction and became the most popular roof type.
Frequently, owners of Italianate, Colonial, or Federal houses chose to add a mansard roof and French ornamental features to update their homes in the latest fashions. [ 17 ] As American and Canadian architects went to study in Paris at the École des Beaux-Arts in increasing numbers, Second Empire became more significant as a stylistic choice.