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  2. Prolactin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactin

    Prolactin has a wide variety of effects. It stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk (): increased serum concentrations of prolactin during pregnancy cause enlargement of the mammary glands and prepare for milk production, which normally starts when levels of progesterone fall by the end of pregnancy and a suckling stimulus is present.

  3. Hypoprolactinemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoprolactinemia

    There are few treatments which increase prolactin levels in humans. Treatment differs based on the reason for diagnosis. Women who are diagnosed with hypoprolactinemia following lactation failure are typically advised to formula feed, although treatment with metoclopramide has been shown to increase milk supply in clinical studies.

  4. Hyperprolactinaemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperprolactinaemia

    Unlike women, who most commonly have microprolactinomas, men usually present with macroprolactinomas, and their serum prolactin levels are generally much higher than those observed in women. [ 13 ] Long-term hyperprolactinaemia can lead to detrimental changes in bone metabolism as a result of hypoestrogenism and hypoandrogenism .

  5. Delayed onset of lactation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed_onset_of_lactation

    In these cases, high perceived pressure raises cortisol levels inside the body. [18] [21] The elevated level of the stress hormone affects the secretion of lactogenic hormones in the mother, which delays the onset of lactation. [22] Women who underwent a c-section are more likely to experience DOL compared to women who delivered vaginally.

  6. Pregnancy hormones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_hormones

    During pregnancy, the production of prolactin by the mother increases steadily, starting at 6–8 weeks of gestation and continuing until the end of the pregnancy. [32] Prolactin levels in the human fetal circulation see a gradual increase from around 30 weeks of gestation until birth. [32]

  7. Lactational amenorrhea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactational_amenorrhea

    Mechanical detection of suckling increases prolactin levels in the body to increase milk synthesis. Excess prolactin may inhibit the menstrual cycle directly, by a suppressive effect on the ovary, or indirectly, by decreasing the release of GnRH. [2] Suckling is a pivotal factor in maintaining lactational amenorrhea postpartum.

  8. What is PCOS and why is it so hard to diagnose? Doctors ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/pcos-why-hard-diagnose...

    PCOS is a common reason why women have difficulty getting pregnant. ... Cushing's syndrome and higher-than-normal prolactin hormone levels (aka hyperprolactinemia). A doctor may also do tests to ...

  9. Sheehan's syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheehan's_syndrome

    Sheehan's syndrome, also known as postpartum pituitary gland necrosis, occurs when the pituitary gland is damaged due to significant blood loss and hypovolemic shock (ischemic necrosis) or stroke, originally described during or after childbirth leading to decreased functioning of the pituitary gland (hypopituitarism). [1]