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Valve replacement surgery is the replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthesis (homograft from human tissue or xenograft e.g. from pig). It is an alternative to valve repair .
Heart valve repair is a cardiac surgery procedure, carried out to repair one or more faulty heart valves. In some valvular heart diseases repair where possible is preferable to valve replacement . A mechanical heart valve is a replacement valve that is not itself subject to repair.
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons.It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, [1] and ...
MIDCAB is sometimes referred to as "keyhole" heart surgery because the operation is analogous to operating through a keyhole. MIDCAB is a form of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB), performed "off-pump" – without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (the heart-lung machine).
Percutaneous valve replacement An alternative to open heart surgery, percutaneous valve replacement is the replacement of a heart valve using percutaneous methods. This is performed on the aortic valve (percutaneous aortic valve replacement/TAVI procedure), pulmonary valve and recently the mitral valve Percutaneous valve repair
The first uses a cardiopulmonary bypass machine, a machine which takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery by circulating blood and oxygen. With the heart in cardioplegic arrest, harvested arteries and veins are used to connect across problematic regions—a construction known as surgical anastomosis.
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery, encompasses various aspects of cardiac surgical procedures (aortic valve replacement, mitral valve repair, coronary artery bypass surgery, ascending aorta or aortic root surgery) that can be performed with minimally invasive approach either via mini-thoracotomy or mini-sternotomy.
Aortic valve replacement is a cardiac surgery procedure whereby a failing aortic valve is replaced with an artificial heart valve. The aortic valve may need to be replaced because of aortic regurgitation (back flow), or if the valve is narrowed by stenosis .