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Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation process which conveys data by changing (modulating) the phase of a constant frequency carrier wave.The modulation is accomplished by varying the sine and cosine inputs at a precise time.
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BPSK is the most simple to understand, so the BPSK concept should be introduced in the lead. In its most simple form a regular sinewave is used to represent binary 0; and a 'cosine' wave (180° phase shift) is used to represent binary 1. This should be supported by a diagram alongside. (You can clip the QPSK image, first line-0110 to illustrate ...
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... (e.g. BPSK, QPSK). It was ... A linear filter can be described mathematically by a system of linear differential equations: ...
(CF c is 3.01 dB for the sine waves used for BPSK and QPSK modulation). For example, the DVB-T signal in 2K mode is composed of 1705 subcarriers that are each QPSK-modulated, giving a crest factor of 35.32 dB. [29] Many PAPR (or crest factor) reduction techniques have been developed, for instance, based on iterative clipping. [30]
An 8-PSK.Information transmitted according to the scheme described in the above diagram is encoded as one of 8 "symbols", each representing 3 bits of data.
For BPSK, n = 2; the symbols appear inverted or not. Differential encoding prevents inversion of the signal and symbols, respectively, from affecting the data. Assuming that x i {\displaystyle x_{i}} is a bit intended for transmission and y i − 1 {\displaystyle y_{i-1}} was the symbol just transmitted, then the symbol to be transmitted for x ...
Barker code used in BPSK modulation In wireless communications, sequences are usually chosen for their spectral properties and for low cross correlation with other sequences likely to interfere. In the 802.11 standard, an 11-chip Barker sequence is used for the 1 and 2 Mbit/s rates.