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A chirp is a signal in which the frequency increases (up-chirp) or decreases (down-chirp) with time. In some sources, the term chirp is used interchangeably with sweep signal . [ 1 ] It is commonly applied to sonar , radar , and laser systems, and to other applications, such as in spread-spectrum communications (see chirp spread spectrum ).
The chirp pulse compression process transforms a long duration frequency-coded pulse into a narrow pulse of greatly increased amplitude. It is a technique used in radar and sonar systems because it is a method whereby a narrow pulse with high peak power can be derived from a long duration pulse with low peak power.
They have a phase angle close to a value of π /4 within the chirp range / and they only start to change significantly for frequencies beyond this range. Consequently, for frequencies within the sweep range of the chirp, it is the square-law phase term Φ 1( ω ) and its group delay function ( = -d Φ 1/d( ω ) ) that are of most interest.
Chirped mirrors are also found in structurally colored biological systems, [2] including the shiny golden and silver color of certain beetles' elytra, e.g. those of the Ruteline genus Chrysina. In these cases, the chirped mirror generates complex color (such as gold or silver) when illuminated by white light by simultaneously reflecting a broad ...
GDD is commonly used as a parameter in characterizing layered mirrors, where the group-velocity dispersion is not particularly well-defined, yet the chirp induced after bouncing off the mirror can be well-characterized. The units of group-delay dispersion are [time] 2, often expressed in fs 2.
More precisely, a chirplet is a windowed portion of a chirp function, where the window provides some time localization property. In terms of time–frequency space, chirplets exist as rotated, sheared, or other structures that move from the traditional parallelism with the time and frequency axes that are typical for waves (Fourier and short ...
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