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Pourbaix diagram of iron. [1] The Y axis corresponds to voltage potential. In electrochemistry, and more generally in solution chemistry, a Pourbaix diagram, also known as a potential/pH diagram, E H –pH diagram or a pE/pH diagram, is a plot of possible thermodynamically stable phases (i.e., at chemical equilibrium) of an aqueous electrochemical system.
Arsenates occur in oxygenated waters, which have a high pe, while arsenites are the main arsenic species in anoxic waters with a low pe. [16] A Pourbaix diagram shows the combined influence of pH and pe on arsenate speciation.
Marcel Pourbaix (16 September 1904 – 28 September 1998) was a Belgian chemist and pianist. [citation needed] He performed his most well known research at the University of Brussels, studying corrosion. [1] His biggest achievement is the derivation of potential-pH, better known as “Pourbaix Diagrams”.
Arsenic is also a common n-type dopant in semiconductor electronic devices, and a component of the III–V compound semiconductor gallium arsenide. Arsenic and its compounds, especially the trioxide, are used in the production of pesticides, treated wood products, herbicides, and insecticides. These applications are declining with the ...
This broader set includes copper, mercury, technetium, rhenium, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, polonium, gold, the six platinum group metals, and silver. Many of the noble metals are used in alloys for jewelry or coinage. In dentistry, silver is not always considered a noble metal because it is subject to corrosion when present in the mouth.
The Pourbaix diagram for vanadium in water, which shows the redox potentials between various vanadium species in different oxidation states. [43] Vanadium(V) forms various peroxo complexes, most notably in the active site of the vanadium-containing bromoperoxidase enzymes. The species VO(O) 2 (H 2 O) 4 + is stable in acidic solutions.
Lead(II) sulfate is poorly soluble, as can be seen in the following diagram showing addition of SO 2− 4 to a solution containing 0.1 M of Pb 2+. The pH of the solution is 4.5, as above that, Pb 2+ concentration can never reach 0.1 M due to the formation of Pb(OH) 2. Observe that Pb 2+ solubility drops 10,000 fold as SO 2− 4 reaches 0.1 M.
Arsenic trioxide powder.. Compounds of arsenic resemble in some respects those of phosphorus which occupies the same group (column) of the periodic table.The most common oxidation states for arsenic are: −3 in the arsenides, which are alloy-like intermetallic compounds, +3 in the arsenites, and +5 in the arsenates and most organoarsenic compounds.