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For example, adjacent Trusts might decide to collaborate by merging their HR or IT functions. There are two arguments for sharing services: [1] The ‘less of a common resource' argument and the ‘efficiency through industrialization' argument. The former is ‘obvious': if you have fewer managers, IT systems, buildings etc; if you use less of ...
Staff and line are names given to different types of functions in organizations. A line function is one that directly advances an organization in its core work. [1] This always includes production and sales, and sometimes marketing. [2] A staff function supports the organization with specialized advisory and support functions. [3]
LA Gear is an example of company that uses product departmentalization. Its structure is based on its varied product lines which include women’s footwear etc. Customer departmentalization - Grouping activities on the basis of common customers or types of customers. Jobs may be grouped according to the type of customer served by the organization.
A cross-functional team (XFN), also known as a multidisciplinary team or interdisciplinary team, [1] [2] [3] is a group of people with different functional expertise working toward a common goal. [4] It may include people from finance, marketing, operations, and human resources departments. Typically, it includes employees from all levels of an ...
Later, services became more organized and were provided to the general public. In 1900 the U.S. service industry (e.g., consisting of banks, professional services, schools and general stores) was fragmented, except for the railroads and communications. Services were largely local in nature and owned by entrepreneurs and families.
The term "products/services” is used because the distinction between products and services in marketing and service science (Chesbrough and Spohrer, 2006) is not important for understanding work systems even though product-like vs. service-like is the basis of a series of design dimensions for characterizing and designing the things that a ...
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"Product Servitization" is a transaction through which value is provided by a combination of products and services in which the satisfaction of customer needs is achieved either by selling the function of the product rather than the product itself, by increasing the service component of a product offer, or by selling the output generated by the product. [18]