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As of 2006, more than 41 sites on the human genome have been linked to the development of obesity when a favorable environment is present. [8] Some of these obesogenic (weight gain) or leptogenic (weight loss) genes may influence the obese individual's response to weight loss or weight management. [9]
To support the hypothesis that core genes play a smaller than expected role, the authors describe three main observations: the heritability for complex traits is spread broadly, often uniformly, across the genome; genetic effects do not appear to be mediated by cell-type specific function; and genes in the relevant functional categories only ...
Genetic correlations are scientifically useful because genetic correlations can be analyzed over time within an individual longitudinally [41] (e.g. intelligence is stable over a lifetime, due to the same genetic influences – childhood genetically correlates = with old age [42]), or across diagnoses, allowing discovery of whether different ...
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Set point theory can be construed as implying weight regulation in a wide or tight range around the set point, in a symmetric or in an asymmetric manner (i.e. treating weight gain and loss either the same or differently), and may apply to regulation of body fat levels specifically (in a multi-compartment model) or to overall body weight. Set ...
[8] Gene effects and phenotype values. Being a statistician, he defined the gene effects as deviations from a central value—enabling the use of statistical concepts such as mean and variance, which use this idea. [9] The central value he chose for the gene was the midpoint between the two opposing homozygotes at the one locus.
This is not the same as asking to what extent do genetic factors influence height in any one person. Heritability is a statistic used in the fields of breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population. [ 1 ]
The interactions of genes with environment, called gene–environment interactions, are another component of the nature–nurture debate. A classic example of gene–environment interaction is the ability of a diet low in the amino acid phenylalanine to partially suppress the genetic disease phenylketonuria.