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Diagram of a MMRTG. The multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG) is a type of radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) developed for NASA space missions [1] such as the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Energy's Office of Space and Defense Power Systems within the Office of Nuclear Energy.
RTGs using this material will therefore diminish in power output by a factor of 1 – (1/2) 1/87.7, which is 0.787%, per year. One example is the MHW-RTG used by the Voyager probes. In the year 2000, 23 years after production, the radioactive material inside the RTG had decreased in power by 16.6%, i.e. providing 83.4% of its initial output ...
The higher conversion efficiency of the Stirling cycle compared with that of radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) used in previous missions (Viking, Pioneer, Voyager, Galileo, Ulysses, Cassini, New Horizons, Mars Science Laboratory, and Mars 2020) would have offered an advantage of a fourfold reduction in PuO 2 fuel, at half the mass of an RTG.
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2.3 carbon-15: 2.449 radium-214: 2.46 rutherfordium-259m: 2.5 francium-204m1: 2.6 radium-213: 2.74 polonium-207m3: 2.79 nobelium-256: 2.91 bismuth-193m: 3.2 rutherfordium-259: 3.2 oxygen-21: 3.42 astatine-200m2: 3.5 radium-210: 3.7 francium-205: 3.80 radon-201m: 3.8 radon-219: 3.96 rutherfordium-261m: 4 lead-185m: 4.07 rutherfordium-257m: 4.1 ...
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Plutonium-238 (238 Pu or Pu-238) is a radioactive isotope of plutonium that has a half-life of 87.7 years.. Plutonium-238 is a very powerful alpha emitter; as alpha particles are easily blocked, this makes the plutonium-238 isotope suitable for usage in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) and radioisotope heater units.