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  2. Finishing oil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finishing_oil

    A finishing oil is a vegetable oil used for wood finishing. These finishes are a historical finish for wood, primarily as means of making it weather or moisture resistant. Finishing oils are easily applied, by wiping with a cloth. They are also simply made, by extraction from plant sources with relatively simple processing.

  3. Glaze (painting technique) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaze_(painting_technique)

    The medium, base, or vehicle is the mixture to which the dry pigment is added. Different media can increase or decrease the rate at which oil paints dry. Often, because a paint is too opaque, painters will add a medium like linseed oil or alkyd to the paint to make them more transparent and pliable for the purposes of glazing.

  4. Dry distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_distillation

    Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids). The method may involve pyrolysis or thermolysis, or it may not (for instance, a simple mixture of ice and glass could be separated without breaking any chemical bonds, but organic matter contains a greater diversity of molecules, some of which are likely to break).

  5. Pitch (resin) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)

    The heating (dry distilling) of wood causes tar and pitch to drip away from the wood and leave behind charcoal. Birchbark is used to make birch-tar, a particularly fine tar. The terms tar and pitch are often used interchangeably. However, pitch is considered more solid, while tar is more liquid.

  6. Denatured alcohol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denatured_alcohol

    Completely denatured alcohol must be made in accordance with the following formulation: with every 90 parts by volume of alcohol mix 9.5 parts by volume of wood naphtha or a substitute and 0.5 parts by volume of crude pyridine, and to the resulting mixture add mineral naphtha (petroleum oil) in the proportion of 3.75 litres to every 1000 litres ...

  7. Drying oil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drying_oil

    Drying oils are a key component of oil paint and some varnishes. Some commonly used drying oils include linseed oil, tung oil, poppy seed oil, perilla oil, castor oil and walnut oil. The use of natural drying oils has declined over the past several decades, as they have been replaced by alkyd resins and other binders.

  8. Conservation and restoration of panel paintings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Panel paintings consist of a wood support, a ground (linen or parchment sized with glues, resin, and gesso), and an image layer (encaustic, tempera, oil). [1] They are typically constructed of two or more panels joined together by crossbeam braces which can separate due to age and material instability caused by fluctuations in relative humidity ...

  9. Petroleum naphtha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_naphtha

    Petroleum naphtha is an intermediate hydrocarbon liquid stream derived from the refining of crude oil [1] [2] [3] with CAS-no 64742-48-9. [4] It is most usually desulfurized and then catalytically reformed, which rearranges or restructures the hydrocarbon molecules in the naphtha as well as breaking some of the molecules into smaller molecules to produce a high-octane component of gasoline (or ...