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Hepacivirus virion. The outer shell of this virion consists of repeating simple faces, each built from three protein dimersA virion (plural, viria or virions), is an inert virus particle capable of invading a cell.
The capsid faces may consist of one or more proteins. For example, the foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid has faces consisting of three proteins named VP1–3. [6] Some viruses are enveloped, meaning that the capsid is coated with a lipid membrane known as the viral envelope.
Simplified diagram of Herpesvirales virion structure in cross-section. (1) nucleoprotein, (2) DNA, (3) capsid, (4) tegument, (5) envelope, (6) glycoprotein. Click to enlarge. Electron micrograph of various viruses from the Orthoherpesviridae family including Human alphaherpesvirus 3 , Human alphaherpesvirus 1, and Human alphaherpesvirus 2
The phi X 174 (or ΦX174) bacteriophage is a single-stranded DNA virus that infects Escherichia coli. This virus was isolated in 1935 by Nicolas Bulgakov [1] in Félix d'Hérelle's laboratory at the Pasteur Institute, from samples collected in Paris sewers. Its characterization and the study of its replication mechanism were carried out from ...
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The virus wraps its delicate nucleic acid with a protein shell known as the capsid, from the Latin capsa, meaning "box," in order to shield it from this hostile environment. Similar to how numerous bricks come together to form a wall, the capsid is made up of one or more distinct protein types that repeatedly repeat to form the whole capsid.
Virus crystallisation is the re-arrangement of viral components into solid crystal particles. [1] The crystals are composed of thousands of inactive forms of a particular virus arranged in the shape of a prism. [2] The inactive nature of virus crystals provide advantages for immunologists to effectively analyze the structure and function behind ...
Entry via the endosome guarantees low pH and exposure to proteases which are needed to open the viral capsid and release the genetic material inside the host cytoplasm. Further, endosomes transport the virus through the cell and ensure that no trace of the virus is left on the surface, which could otherwise trigger immune recognition by the host.