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The Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Calcutta, was founded in 1774 by the Regulating Act 1773.It replaced the Mayor's Court of Calcutta and was British India's highest court from 1774 until 1862, when the High Court of Calcutta was established by the Indian High Courts Act 1861.
The judges departed for Calcutta in May 1774, although Chambers persuaded the Oxford authorities to allow him to retain his professorship for a further three years, in case he did not adapt to the Indian climate. His successor was therefore not appointed until 1777, when he was knighted (on 7 June).
In 1773 the Regulating Act reformed the government of East India Company-ruled Bengal, establishing the Bengal supreme council and a supreme court with Warren Hastings as the first governor-general. Impey was appointed the first chief justice of the new supreme court at Calcutta in March 1774 and knighted later that month.
A Supreme Court was established at Fort William at Calcutta (1774). British judges were to be sent to India to administer the British legal system that was used there. Establishment of Supreme Court at Calcutta with Sir Elijah Impey as first chief justice. Court has both the Civil and criminal jurisdiction. With original & appellate jurisdiction.
22 October 1774 [1] – 4 November 1777 Stephen Caesar Le Maistre was a puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William . Along with Justice Hyde and to some extent Impey, he argued for greatly expanding the powers of the Supreme Court.
From 1774 (when the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William was founded) till 1782 (when Bengal Judicature Act 1781 was passed), the court claimed jurisdiction over any person residing in Bengal, Bihar or Orissa. This resulted in conflict of jurisdiction with Supreme Council of Bengal.
The High Court at Calcutta, 1865; Peacock is the third seated from the right. In 1859, Sir James Colvile stood down as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William. Peacock succeeded him in this role and was simultaneously made Vice-President of the Legislative Council of India, as well as receiving a knighthood.
John Hyde (14 January 1738 – 8 July 1796) was a Puisne Judge on the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Bengal from 1774 to his death. [2] He is the primary author of Hyde's Notebooks, a series of 74 notebooks that are a trove of information for the first years of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, the highest court in Bengal from 1774 to 1862. [3]