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The Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Calcutta, was founded in 1774 by the Regulating Act 1773.It replaced the Mayor's Court of Calcutta and was British India's highest court from 1774 until 1862, when the High Court of Calcutta was established by the Indian High Courts Act 1861.
In 1773 the Regulating Act reformed the government of East India Company-ruled Bengal, establishing the Bengal supreme council and a supreme court with Warren Hastings as the first governor-general. Impey was appointed the first chief justice of the new supreme court at Calcutta in March 1774 and knighted later that month.
22 October 1774 [1] – 4 November 1777 Stephen Caesar Le Maistre was a puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William . Along with Justice Hyde and to some extent Impey, he argued for greatly expanding the powers of the Supreme Court.
A Supreme Court was established at Fort William at Calcutta (1774). British judges were to be sent to India to administer the British legal system that was used there. Establishment of Supreme Court at Calcutta with Sir Elijah Impey as first chief justice. Court has both the Civil and criminal jurisdiction. With original & appellate jurisdiction.
Chambers was a contributor to Hyde's Notebooks during his term on the bench of the Supreme Court of Judicature. The notebooks are a valuable primary source of information for life in late 18th century Bengal and are the only remaining source for the proceedings of the Supreme Court. Chambers continued the notebooks after Hyde's death in 1796.
From 1774 (when the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William was founded) till 1782 (when Bengal Judicature Act 1781 was passed), the court claimed jurisdiction over any person residing in Bengal, Bihar or Orissa. This resulted in conflict of jurisdiction with Supreme Council of Bengal.
First Rohilla War (1773–1774) Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William (1774) was established; Formation of Supreme Council of Bengal (1774) First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) Formed Amini Commission (1776) [1] Founded Calcutta Madrasa (Aliah University) (1780) James Augustus Hicky's Bengal Gazette (first Indian newspaper published (1780)
Sir William Jones FRS FRAS FRSE (28 September 1746 – 27 April 1794) was a British philologist, orientalist and judge. Born in Westminster, London to Welsh mathematician William Jones, he moved to the Bengal Presidency where Jones served as a puisne judge on the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William and also became a scholar of ancient Indian history.