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Collagen is also abundant in corneas, blood vessels, the gut, intervertebral discs, and the dentin in teeth. [3] In muscle tissue, it serves as a major component of the endomysium. Collagen constitutes 1% to 2% of muscle tissue and 6% by weight of skeletal muscle. [4] The fibroblast is the most common cell creating collagen in animals.
Fibroblasts are the most common cell type in connective tissue ECM, in which they synthesize, maintain, and provide a structural framework; fibroblasts secrete the precursor components of the ECM, including the ground substance. Chondrocytes are found in cartilage and produce the cartilaginous matrix. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation.
Type IV collagen is expressed close to the cancer cells in vivo, forming basement membrane like structures on the cancer cell surface that colocalize with the integrin receptors. The interaction between type IV collagen produced by the cancer cell, and integrins on the surface of the cancer cells, are important for continuous cancer cell growth ...
Chemical Structure of Type I Collagen. Type I collagen has a triple-helical form which is caused by its amino acid composition. Its specific domain follows an order of G-X-Y In which the X and Y slots are occupied by any amino acid other than glycine however these slots are typically occupied by both hydroxyproline and proline, not in any particular order. [5]
Collagen, a key component of the animal extracellular matrix, is made through cleavage of pro-collagen by collagenase once it has been secreted from the cell. This stops large structures from forming inside the cell itself. In addition to being produced by some bacteria, collagenase can be made by the body as part of its normal immune response.
Collagen alpha-4(IV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A4 gene. [5] [6] This gene encodes one of the six subunits of type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes. This particular collagen IV subunit, however, is only found in a subset of basement membranes.
Collagen, type I, alpha 1, also known as alpha-1 type I collagen, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL1A1 gene. COL1A1 encodes the major component of type I collagen , the fibrillar collagen found in most connective tissues , including cartilage .
Collagen alpha-1(IV) chain (COL4A1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A1 gene on chromosome 13. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. [ 7 ] COL4A1 is a subunit of the type IV collagen and plays a role in angiogenesis . [ 8 ]