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An example includes the wide-ranging network of environmental groups and individuals who push for more environmental regulation in government policy. [1] Other issue networks may revolve around such controversial issues as abortion, gun ownership rights, and drug laws. In the most extreme circumstances, issue networks may seek to achieve their ...
Non-government actors in these networks usually include not only interest group representatives but also professional or academic experts. An important characteristic of issue network is that membership is constantly changing, interdependence is often asymmetric and – compared to policy communities – it is harder to identify dominant actors ...
Global public policy network activities cover the range of steps in the policy process, beyond policy proposals or lobbying, including agenda setting, policy formulation, negotiation, rule making, coordination, implementation and evaluation. [2]
The result is a three-way, stable alliance that sometimes is called a "sub-government" because of its durability, impregnability, and power to determine policy. [19] An iron triangle relationship can result in regulatory capture, the passing of very narrow, pork-barrel policies that benefit a small segment of the population. The interests of ...
Global Production Networks (GPN) is a concept in developmental literature which refers to "the nexus of interconnected functions, operations and transactions through which a specific product or service is produced, distributed and consumed."
E-government is also known as e-gov, electronic government, Internet governance, digital government, online government, connected government. [8] As of 2014 the OECD still uses the term digital government, and distinguishes it from e-government in the recommendation produced there for the Network on E-Government of the Public Governance Committee. [9]
The collusion of government officials and entrepreneurs [1] (simplified Chinese: 官商勾结; traditional Chinese: 官商勾結), or government–commercial corruption, [2] official-business collusion, [3] most generally translated as government-business collusion, [4] is a term with a negative connotation [5] that generally refers to the government or individual officials who show favoritism ...
In the plan IT session was consist of extending broadband network, intelligent grid network, e-government and so on. Broadband network was the fundamental part of the IT economic plan. The government expected to exempt tax of about 20 billions for corporations in the related market, as return for them to expand and develop broadband network. 2009.4