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In linear algebra, Cramer's rule is an explicit formula for the solution of a system of linear equations with as many equations as unknowns, valid whenever the system has a unique solution. It expresses the solution in terms of the determinants of the (square) coefficient matrix and of matrices obtained from it by replacing one column by the ...
The number of distinct terms (including those with a zero coefficient) in an n-th degree equation in two variables is (n + 1)(n + 2) / 2.This is because the n-th degree terms are ,, …,, numbering n + 1 in total; the (n − 1) degree terms are ,, …,, numbering n in total; and so on through the first degree terms and , numbering 2 in total, and the single zero degree term (the constant).
The Möller–Trumbore ray-triangle intersection algorithm, named after its inventors Tomas Möller and Ben Trumbore, is a fast method for calculating the intersection of a ray and a triangle in three dimensions without needing precomputation of the plane equation of the plane containing the triangle. [1]
For example, the equations + = + = are not independent — they are the same equation when scaled by a factor of two, and they would produce identical graphs. This is an example of equivalence in a system of linear equations. For a more complicated example, the equations
In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices.If is a linear transformation mapping to and is a column vector with entries, then there exists an matrix , called the transformation matrix of , [1] such that: = Note that has rows and columns, whereas the transformation is from to .
In mathematics, Cramer's paradox or the Cramer–Euler paradox [1] is the statement that the number of points of intersection of two higher-order curves in the plane can be greater than the number of arbitrary points that are usually needed to define one such curve. It is named after the Genevan mathematician Gabriel Cramer.
The Cramér–Rao bound is stated in this section for several increasingly general cases, beginning with the case in which the parameter is a scalar and its estimator is unbiased.
For example, in principle the Jordan form could give a closed-form expression for the exponential exp(A). The number of Jordan blocks corresponding to λ i of size at least j is dim ker(A − λ i I) j − dim ker(A − λ i I) j−1. Thus, the number of Jordan blocks of size j is