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To the extent that vaping aids the transition, its health effects are positive. Alternatively, smokers can substitute vaping for smoking without intending to transition. In this context, vaping is still preferred. [62] However, if vaping is used as a way to get nicotine in situations where smoking is not convenient, vaping may negatively affect ...
Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant are advised to stop smoking. [5] [6] It is important to examine these effects because smoking before, during and after pregnancy is not an unusual behavior among the general population and can have detrimental health impacts, especially among both mother and child, as a result. In 2011 ...
The UK National Health Service says: "If using an e-cigarette helps you to stop smoking, it is much safer for you and your baby than continuing to smoke." Many women who vape continue to do so during pregnancy because of the perceived safety of e-cigarettes compared to tobacco. [108]
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There is no supporting evidence demonstrating that vaping is safe for use in pregnant women. [104] Nicotine accumulates in the fetus because it goes through the placenta. [112] Nicotine has been found in placental tissue as early as seven weeks of embryonic gestation, and nicotine concentrations are higher in fetal fluids than in maternal ...
“The hypothesis is that a small discordance in gestational age between dizygotic twins [or, conceived from different ova and therefore not identical] in humans exists very early in pregnancy.”
"Pregnant people will breathe more rapidly than non-pregnant people,” he said. “The heart and cardiovascular system are working harder because, to some extent, they're supporting two lives ...
In animal studies that resulted in birth defects, researchers found that nicotine negatively affects fetal brain development and pregnancy outcomes; [43] [41] the negative effects on early brain development are associated with abnormalities in brain metabolism and neurotransmitter system function. [120]