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Hairy cell leukemia is an uncommon hematological malignancy characterized by an accumulation of abnormal B lymphocytes. [1] The incidence of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is 0.28-0.30 cases per 100,000 people in Europe and the United States and the prevalence is 3 cases per 100,000 in Europe with a lower prevalence in Asia, Africa and the Middle East.
The 5-year survival rate for children with leukemia is 83.6% in the USA. This means that 83.6% of children diagnosed with leukemia live for 5 years or more after their diagnosis. This is greatly improved from a 5-year survival rate of 36.5% in 1975. The improvement is largely attributed to advances in therapy, particularly therapy for ALL.
The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the person. Outcomes have improved in the developed world. [10] The average five-year survival rate is 65% in the United States. [4] In children under 15, the five-year survival rate is greater (60 to 85%), depending on the type of leukemia. [13]
There are rare cases of: 1) CLL/SLLs that convert into lymphoblastic lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, or a high grade T cell lymphoma [4] such as anaplastic large-cell lymphoma or angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma; [5] 2) CLL/SLLs that convert into acute myeloid leukemia; [6] 3) CLL/SLLs that convert into or develop non-hematological ...
People in pediatric care with ALL in developed countries have a greater than 80% five-year survival rate. It is estimated that 60–80% of adults undergoing induction chemotherapy achieve complete remission after 4 weeks, and those over the age of 70 have a cure rate of 5%. [48] [75]
CLL has also been reported to convert into other more aggressive diseases such as lymphoblastic lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, high grade T cell lymphomas, [24] acute myeloid leukemia, [25] lung cancer, brain cancer, melanoma of the eye or skin, [26] [27] salivary gland tumors, and Kaposi's sarcomas. [28]
Splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia unclassifiable: The rare reports on this lymphoma find the monoclonal B cells to be CD19+, CD20+ (bright, CD23+, CD11+, CD25−, CD103−, CD72+, and annexin A1−. [18] These cells, similar to the monoclonal cells in Hairy cell leukemia, [19] may have the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene. Patients with this ...
In another study, the results showed that young age, normal karyotype and ALL induction therapy will have a better prognosis than Ph+, adult patients. The study shows median survival of children is 139 months versus 11 months of adults, 139 months for normal karyotype patients versus 8 months for ph+ patients. [13] [14]