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After New Orleans fell to Admiral David Farragut in April 1862, Union Major General Benjamin F. Butler headquartered his 12,000-man Army of the Gulf in New Orleans. On September 27, 1862, Butler organized the Union Army's 1st Louisiana Native Guard regiment, some of whose members had served in the previous Confederate Native Guard regiment.
The 1st Louisiana Native Guard was a Confederate Louisianan militia that consisted of Creoles of color. Formed in 1861 in New Orleans, Louisiana , it was disbanded on April 25, 1862. Some of the unit's members joined the Union Army's 1st Louisiana Native Guard , which later became the 73rd Regiment Infantry of the United States Colored Troops.
Confederate veteran Major Eugene Wythe Baylor of Co. C, 1st Louisiana Heavy Artillery Regiment and Quartermaster's Dept. Confederate States Infantry Regiment. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. 1st Regiment Heavy Artillery; 2nd Battalion Heavy Artillery
A small number of free persons of color in New Orleans formed the 1st Louisiana Native Guard (CSA) as part of the Louisiana militia. The unit temporarily disbanded on February 15, 1862, after Louisiana law stated the militia could only be made up of white men.
After the start of the American Civil War, Pinchback traveled to Union-occupied New Orleans. There he raised several companies for the 1st Louisiana Native Guard, and became one of the few African-Americans commissioned as officers in the Union Army. Pinchback remained in New Orleans after the Civil War, becoming active in Republican politics.
Clara Solomon and Elliott Ashkenazi (ed.), The Civil War diary of Clara Solomon : Growing up in New Orleans, 1861-1862. Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press (1995) ISBN 0-8071-1968-7. Jean-Charles Houzeau, My Passage at the New Orleans Tribune: A Memoir of the Civil War Era. Louisiana State University Press (2001) ISBN 0-8071-2689-6.
Consolidated with 1st Louisiana Cavalry September 1864 1st Corps d'Afrique Regiment Cavalry: 4th United States Colored Cavalry Regiment: 1st Louisiana Regiment New Orleans Infantry: 2nd Louisiana Regiment New Orleans Infantry: 1st Louisiana Regiment Infantry: 2nd Louisiana Regiment Infantry: 1st Louisiana Regiment Native Guard Infantry
Louisiana Native Guard may refer to any of several primarily African American regiments in both the Confederate and Union (United States) armies during the American Civil War: 1st Louisiana Native Guard (Confederate), Confederate militia unit (1861-1862) disbanded early in the war; 1st Louisiana Native Guard (Union), infantry unit of the Union Army