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The 1992 Guidelines were revised in 1997, almost concurrently with the FTC's challenge of the Staples-Office Depot merger in federal court. The 1997 Horizontal Merger Guidelines were replaced on August 19, 2010. [9] These guidelines introduced the concept of "upward pricing pressure" resulting from a merger between competing firms.
The department said the new merger guidelines are aimed at encouraging fair, open and competitive markets. "These finalized guidelines provide transparency into how the Justice Department is ...
The Justice Department and the Federal Trade Commission on Wednesday released a set of long-anticipated draft updates to the nation’s merger guidelines, introducing potentially comprehensive ...
Web tool for calculating pre- and post-merger Herfindahl index. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines. More detailed information about mergers, market concentration, and competition (from the Department of Justice
President Trump’s new Federal Trade Commission boss is keeping in place stricter Biden-era standards for policing US mergers, the latest sign that American companies won't get a free pass when ...
Horizontal integration can result in economies of scale, economies of density [1] and be anti-competitive. When two companies with similar products or product characteristics merge horizontally, there is less competition. Horizontal mergers can also easily lead to a monopoly, reducing consumers' choices and indirectly harming consumers' interests.
An example of horizontal integration in the food industry was the Heinz and Kraft Foods merger. On 25 March 2015, Heinz and Kraft merged into one company, with the deal valued at $46 billion. On 25 March 2015, Heinz and Kraft merged into one company, with the deal valued at $46 billion.
In the United States, there exist a set of merger guidelines—written by the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)—which specify methods for analyzing and defining markets. Since 1980, the DOJ and the FTC have used these guidelines to convince courts to adopt a more explicitly economic ...