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The genus Rickettsia is the most prominent genus within the family. The bacteria that eventually formed the mitochondrion (an organelle in eukaryotic cells) is believed to have originated from this family. Most human pathogens in this family are in genus Rickettsia.
Rickettsia rickettsii is a Gram-negative, intracellular, cocco-bacillus bacterium that was first discovered in 1902. [1] Having a reduced genome, the bacterium harvests nutrients from its host cell to carry out respiration, making it an organo-heterotroph.
Rickettsia is a genus of nonmotile, gram-negative, nonspore-forming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that may occur in the forms of cocci (0.1 μm in diameter), bacilli (1–4 μm long), or threads (up to about 10 μm long). The genus was named after Howard Taylor Ricketts in honor of his pioneering work on tick-borne spotted fever.
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They are obligate intracellular parasites, and some are notable pathogens, including Rickettsia, which causes a variety of diseases in humans, and Ehrlichia, which causes diseases in livestock. Another genus of well-known Rickettsiales is the Wolbachia, which infect about two-thirds of all arthropods and nearly all filarial nematodes. [2]
Rickettsia typhi is a small, aerobic, obligate intracellular, rod shaped gram negative bacterium. [1] It belongs to the typhus group of the Rickettsia genus, along with R. prowazekii . [ 2 ] R. typhi has an uncertain history, as it may have long gone shadowed by epidemic typhus ( R. prowazekii ). [ 3 ]
Rickettsia sennetsu Misao and Kobayashi 1956 (Approved Lists 1980) Ehrlichia sennetsu (Misao and Kobayashi 1956) Ristic and Huxsoll 1984 Neorickettsia sennetsu is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Sennetsu ehrlichiosis .
Orientia is a genus of bacteria in family Rickettsiaceae. They are obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacteria found in insects and mammals. They are spread through the bites or feces of infected insects. The genus comprises the species Orientia tsutsugamushi and Orientia chuto, which both cause scrub typhus in humans. [1] [2] [3]