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A chmod command first appeared in AT&T Unix version 1, along with the chmod system call. As systems grew in number and types of users, access-control lists [3] were added to many file systems in addition to these most basic modes to increase flexibility. The version of chmod bundled in GNU coreutils was written by David MacKenzie and Jim ...
Most file systems include attributes of files and directories that control the ability of users to read, change, navigate, and execute the contents of the file system. In some cases, menu options or functions may be made visible or hidden depending on a user's permission level; this kind of user interface is referred to as permission-driven.
Mac OS X (Leopard) [10] A directory whose 'sticky bit' is set becomes an append-only directory [...] in which the deletion of files is restricted. A file in a sticky directory may only be removed or renamed by a user if the user has write permission for the directory and the user is the owner of the file, the owner of the directory, or the ...
In IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards, the medium access control (MAC), also called media access control, is the layer that controls the hardware responsible for interaction with the wired (electrical or optical) or wireless transmission medium. The MAC sublayer and the logical link control (LLC) sublayer together make up the data link layer.
For a list of current programs, see List of Mac software. Third-party databases include VersionTracker , MacUpdate and iUseThis . Since a list like this might grow too big and become unmanageable, this list is confined to those programs for which a Wikipedia article exists.
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In March 2016 Apple shut down the first ransomware attack targeted against Mac users, encrypting the users' confidential information. [8] It was known as KeRanger.After completing the encryption process, KeRanger demanded that victims pay one bitcoin (about US$400 at the time, about US$57,364.10 as of July 9, 2024) for the user to recover their credentials.
In 2020, Donald Trump pardoned cybersecurity executive Chris Wade for crimes that had been sealed. Unsealed documents show he was part of a sophisticated spam email operation busted by an informant.