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2. Scientific pitch - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_pitch

   Scientific pitch, also known as philosophical pitch, Sauveur pitch or Verdi tuning, is an absolute concert pitch standard which is based on middle C (C 4) being set to 256 Hz rather than ~ 261.63 Hz, [a] making it ~ 31.77 cents lower than the common A440 pitch standard.

3. A440 (pitch standard) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)

   A440 (also known as Stuttgart pitch [1]) is the musical pitch corresponding to an audio frequency of 440 Hz, which serves as a tuning standard for the musical note of A above middle C, or A 4 in scientific pitch notation. It is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 16.

4. Concert pitch - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert_pitch

   The initial standard was A = 439 Hz ⓘ, but this was superseded by A = 440 Hz, possibly because 439 Hz was difficult to reproduce in a laboratory since 439 is a prime number. [22] In 1964, of 31 top professional U.S. orchestras, 19 were tuning at 440, the others at 441 or 442. [23]

5. Scientific pitch notation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation

   For standard A440 pitch equal temperament, the system begins at a frequency of 16.35160 Hz, which is assigned the value C 0. The octave 0 of the scientific pitch notation is traditionally called the sub-contra octave , and the tone marked C 0 in SPN is written as ,,C or C,, or CCC in traditional systems, such as Helmholtz notation .

6. Musical tuning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_tuning

   This is the most common tuning system used in Western music, and is the standard system used as a basis for tuning a piano. Since this scale divides an octave into twelve equal-ratio steps and an octave has a frequency ratio of two, the frequency ratio between adjacent notes is then the twelfth root of two, 2 1/12 ≋ 1.05946309... .

7. Comparison of audio coding formats - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_audio_coding...

   Music archival Yes No Yes No No Opus: Xiph.Org Foundation, Internet Engineering Task Force: 2012-09-11 RFC 6716 (libopus 1.5.1) Free libopus, FFmpeg Speech, VoIP, Low latency, Studio/transmitter link, wireless audio, voice recording, WebRTC Yes Yes No Yes [29] No OSQ: Steinberg: 2002 ? Free WaveLab: FFmpeg (decoding only) Music archival Yes No ...

8. MIDI tuning standard - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI_Tuning_Standard

   The quantity log 2 (⁠ f / 440 Hz ⁠) is the number of octaves above the 440 Hz concert A, or A 4, or a ′ . Multiplying it by 12 gives the number of semitones above 440 Hz (the value is negative if the frequency f is lower in pitch than 440 Hz).

9. 44,100 Hz - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/44,100_Hz

   The selection of the sample rate was based primarily on the need to reproduce the audible frequency range of 20–20,000 Hz (20 kHz). The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem states that a sampling rate of more than twice the maximum frequency of the signal to be recorded is needed, resulting in a required rate of greater than 40 kHz. The exact ...