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The sociologist Arlie Hochschild provided the first definition of emotional labor, which is displaying certain emotions to meet the requirements of a job. [1] The related term emotion work refers to displaying emotions you don't feel within the private sphere of one's home or interactions with family and friends .
Arlie Russell Hochschild (/ ˈ h oʊ k ʃ ɪ l d /; born January 15, 1940) is an American professor emeritus of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley [1] and writer. Hochschild has long focused on the human emotions that underlie moral beliefs, practices, and social life generally.
Arlie Russell Hochschild, who introduced the term in 1979, distinguished emotion work – unpaid emotional work that a person undertakes in private life – from emotional labor: emotional work done in a paid work setting.
Hochschild draws on the work of sociologist Erving Goffman as well as labor scholar Harry Braverman to discuss the dramaturgical demands and emotional labor entailed by jobs in the service sector, in which workers must "perform" certain roles that entail abiding by certain feeling rules (e.g. "friendly and dependable"). She notes that women are ...
The book is an expansion on theoretical concepts that Hochschild first described in 1979. [2] Using Goffman's dramaturgical theory, she describes how different social situations have different emotional norms. When a person's feelings do not fit the norms of the situation, people engage in practices to bring them into agreement through a ...
Arlie Russell Hochschild defined emotional labor and how it can make you feel estranged from yourself. This type of labor requires you to be in a good state of mind and feeling while in the work environment despite any problems you may be going through. [ 6 ]
The core of the book is Hochschild's attempt to distill the worldview of Tea Party supporters, who formed part of the same constituency that heavily backed Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. According to Hochschild, Tea Party supporters have reacted against the changing face of America in the last few decades.
Emotional choice theory subscribes to a definition of "emotion" as a "transient, partly biologically based, partly culturally conditioned response to a stimulus, which gives rise to a coordinated process including appraisals, feelings, bodily reactions, and expressive behavior, all of which prepare individuals to deal with the stimulus."