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The forest floor can consist of bare soil, short vegetation (like grasses, mosses, creeping vegetation, etc.) or litter (i.e. leaves, twigs, or small branches). [ 1 ] This throughfall is especially rich in nutrients which makes its redistribution into the soil is an important factor for the ecology and water demand of surrounding vegetation. [ 2 ]
Moss layer on the forest floor. This layer contains mostly non-woody vegetation, or ground cover, growing in the forest with heights of up to about one and a half metres. The herb layer consists of various herbaceous plants (therophytes, geophytes, cryptophytes, hemicryptophytes), dwarf shrubs (chamaephytes) as well as young shrubs or tree ...
The forest floor, the bottom-most layer, receives only 2% of the sunlight. Only plants adapted to low light can grow in this region. Away from riverbanks , swamps and clearings, where dense undergrowth is found, the forest floor is relatively clear of vegetation because of the low sunlight penetration.
Mor humus is a form of forest floor humus occurring mostly in coniferous forests. [1] Mor humus consists of evergreen needles and woody debris that litter the forest floor. This litter is slow to decompose , in part due to their chemical composition (low pH, low nutrient content), but also because of the generally cool and wet conditions where ...
The understory is the underlying layer of vegetation in a forest or wooded area, especially the trees and shrubs growing between the forest canopy and the forest floor. Plants in the understory comprise an assortment of seedlings and saplings of canopy trees together with specialist understory shrubs and herbs.
Moder is a forest floor type formed under mixed-wood and pure deciduous forests. [1] [2] Moder is a kind of humus whose properties are the transition between mor humus and mull humus types. [3] [4] Moders are similar to mors as they are made up of partially to fully humified organic components accumulated on the mineral soil.
The forest canopy layer supports a diverse range of flora and fauna. It has been dubbed "the last biotic frontier" as it provides a habitat that has allowed for the evolution of countless species of plants, microorganisms, invertebrates (e.g., insects), and vertebrates (e.g., birds and mammals) that are unique to the upper layer of forests. [ 12 ]
For instance, forest litter raking as a replacement for straw in husbandry is an old non-timber practice in forest management that has been widespread in Europe since the seventeenth century. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] In 1853, an estimated 50 Tg of dry litter per year was raked in European forests, when the practice reached its peak. [ 34 ]
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