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Ascites (/ ə ˈ s aɪ t i z /; [5] Greek: ἀσκός, romanized: askos, meaning "bag" or "sac" [6]) is the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen. [1] Technically, it is more than 25 ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, although volumes greater than one liter may occur. [4]
Acute kidney failure due to hypovolemia: the loss of vascular fluid into the tissues (edema) produces a decreased blood supply to the kidneys that cause a loss of kidney function. Thus it is a tricky task to get rid of excess fluid in the body while maintaining circulatory euvolemia.
The kidney fails to respond adequately to PTH, which normally promotes phosphaturia and calcium reabsorption, or to FGF-23, which also enhances phosphate excretion. [2] In addition, there is evidence at the tissue level of a downregulation of vitamin D receptor and of resistance to the actions of PTH.
Nonunion in broken bones; Muscle cramps (caused by low levels of calcium which can be associated with hyperphosphatemia) A buildup of potassium in the blood that diseased kidneys cannot filter out (called hyperkalemia) may cause: Abnormal heart rhythms; Muscle paralysis [22] Failure of kidneys to remove excess fluid may cause:
A patient may be receiving blood due to any number of causes and may have heart or kidney dysfunction which can lead to excess fluid. Upon transfusion of the blood product, the patient is overwhelmed by the excess fluid and develops symptoms related to volume overload. [citation needed]
Fluid may be also sent for gram stain, acid fast stain, or culture if high suspicion of infectious cause. [1] Bloody fluids may also be evaluated for malignant cells. [13] Fluid analysis may result in: transudative effusion: due to non-inflammatory causes (congestive heart failure, myxoedema, nephrotic syndrome)
Kidney infarction: CT scan of the abdomen showing partial infarct of the left kidney. Specialty: Nephrology: Symptoms: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. [1] Complications: Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. [1] Causes: Cardioembolic disease, renal artery injury, and hypercoagulable state. [1] Diagnostic method
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is the narrowing of one or both of the renal arteries, most often caused by atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia.This narrowing of the renal artery can impede blood flow to the target kidney, resulting in renovascular hypertension – a secondary type of high blood pressure.