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Aortic rupture is a rare, extremely dangerous condition that is considered a medical emergency. [1] The most common cause is an abdominal aortic aneurysm that has ruptured spontaneously. Aortic rupture is distinct from aortic dissection , which is a tear through the inner wall of the aorta that can block the flow of blood through the aorta to ...
Indications for the surgical treatment of aortic dissection include an acute proximal aortic dissection and an acute distal aortic dissection with one or more complications. Complications include compromise of a vital organ, rupture or impending rupture of the aorta, retrograde dissection into the ascending aorta.
Thus traumatic aortic rupture is a common killer in automotive accidents and other traumas, [1] with up to 18% of deaths that occur in automobile collisions being related to the injury. [2] In fact, aortic disruption due to blunt chest trauma is the second leading cause of injury death behind traumatic brain injury .
Aortic rupture is a surgical emergency and has a high mortality even with prompt treatment. Weekend admission for a ruptured aortic aneurysm is associated with increased mortality compared with admission on a weekday, and this is likely due to several factors including a delay in prompt surgical intervention.
Arterial dissections become life-threatening when growth of the false lumen prevents perfusion of the true lumen and the related end organs. For example, in an aortic dissection, if the left subclavian artery orifice were distal to the origin of the dissection, then the left subclavian would be said to be perfused by the false lumen, while the left common carotid (and its end organ, the left ...
Rupture is defined as a forcible disruption of tissue. Some disagree with the usage of rupture as they believe it implies that a tear is incompatible with life; however, the term accurately gauges the severity of tears in the aorta. A rupture can be either complete or partial, and can be classified further by the position of the tear. [5]
Hemopericardium has been reported to result from various afflictions including chest trauma, free wall rupture after a myocardial infarction, bleeding into the pericardial sac following a type A aortic dissection, and as a complication of invasive cardiac procedures. [6] Acute leukemia has also been reported as a cause of the condition. [7]
Aortic valve repair may also be performed in the treatment of aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection if either aneurysm or dissection involves the aorta close to the valve. [4] Indications for aortic valve repair: Absence of relevant calcification and; Congenital and severe aortic stenosis with symptoms or decreased left ventricular function
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