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Cramer's rule is used in the Ricci calculus in various calculations involving the Christoffel symbols of the first and second kind. [14] In particular, Cramer's rule can be used to prove that the divergence operator on a Riemannian manifold is invariant with respect to change of coordinates. We give a direct proof, suppressing the role of the ...
The number of distinct terms (including those with a zero coefficient) in an n-th degree equation in two variables is (n + 1)(n + 2) / 2.This is because the n-th degree terms are ,, …,, numbering n + 1 in total; the (n − 1) degree terms are ,, …,, numbering n in total; and so on through the first degree terms and , numbering 2 in total, and the single zero degree term (the constant).
The result is named in honor of Harald Cramér and Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, [1] [2] [3] but has also been derived independently by Maurice Fréchet, [4] Georges Darmois, [5] and by Alexander Aitken and Harold Silverstone. [6] [7] It is also known as Fréchet-Cramér–Rao
Cramer's rule is a closed-form expression, in terms of determinants, of the solution of a system of n linear equations in n unknowns. Cramer's rule is useful for reasoning about the solution, but, except for n = 2 or 3, it is rarely used for computing a solution, since Gaussian elimination is a faster algorithm.
Cramér’s decomposition theorem, a statement about the sum of normal distributed random variable; Cramér's theorem (large deviations), a fundamental result in the theory of large deviations; Cramer's theorem (algebraic curves), a result regarding the necessary number of points to determine a curve
The logarithmic moment generating function (which is the cumulant-generating function) of a random variable is defined as: = [ ()].Let ,, … be a sequence of iid real random variables with finite logarithmic moment generating function, i.e. () < for all .
Cramér's conjecture is based on a probabilistic model—essentially a heuristic—in which the probability that a number of size x is prime is 1/log x. This is known as the Cramér random model or Cramér model of the primes. [8] In the Cramér random model,
In probability theory, a Chernoff bound is an exponentially decreasing upper bound on the tail of a random variable based on its moment generating function.The minimum of all such exponential bounds forms the Chernoff or Chernoff-Cramér bound, which may decay faster than exponential (e.g. sub-Gaussian).