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A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte [1]) is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems.
The main marker of mast cell activation is inducible macrophage protein 1a (MIP-1α), which binds to mast cells when they are near each other. [9] After allergen exposure, MIP-1α transcription and expression are induced by resident mononuclear cells in the substantia propria, which consist of CD68+ macrophages and monocytes. [10]
Mast cells seem to have other roles as well. Because they gather together around wounds, mast cells may play a part in wound healing. For example, the typical itching felt around a healing scab may be caused by histamine released by mast cells. Researchers also think mast cells may have a role in the growth of blood vessels (angiogenesis).
The inappropriate activation of mast cells can lead to many possible symptoms, depending on where the triggered mast cells are, and may include: Heart issues such as a racing heart or low blood ...
Cytokines produced by macrophages and other cells of the innate immune system mediate the inflammatory response. These cytokines include TNF, HMGB1, and IL-1. [6] The inflammatory response is characterized by the following symptoms: redness of the skin, due to locally increased blood circulation;
Common signs and symptoms that develop during chronic inflammation are: [12] Body pain, arthralgia, myalgia; ... eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages:
Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a term referring to one of two types of mast cell activation disorder (MCAD); the other type is idiopathic MCAD. [1] MCAS is an immunological condition in which mast cells, a type of white blood cell, inappropriately and excessively release chemical mediators, such as histamine, resulting in a range of chronic symptoms, sometimes including anaphylaxis or ...
Through the release of Interleukin 4 (IL-4) and Interleukin 13 (IL-13) by TH2, or T helper cells, and mast cells, these macrophages can fuse to form foreign body giant cells. [1] [4] The macrophages are initially attracted to the injury/infection site through a variety of chemoattractants like growth factors, platelet factors, and interleukins. [4]