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In Canada, nabiximols has been approved by Health Canada for the treatment of MS spasticity. It has also received a licence with conditions (NOC/c) for two additional uses: as adjunctive treatment for the symptomatic relief of neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis, [12] and also for pain due to cancer. [13] [14]
In March 2017, ocrelizumab was approved in the United States for the treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis in adults. [22] [42] It is also used for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease in adults. [42]
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease resulting in damage to the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. [3] As a demyelinating disease, MS disrupts the nervous system's ability to transmit signals, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems.
Monomethyl fumarate, sold under the brand name Bafiertam is a medication used for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1]
Glatiramer acetate, sold under the brand name Copaxone among others, is an immunomodulator medication used to treat multiple sclerosis. [1] [2] Glatiramer acetate is approved in the United States to reduce the frequency of relapses, but not for reducing the progression of disability.
Ofatumumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody to CD20, which appears to provide rapid B-cell depletion. [13] Under the brand name Kesimpta, it is approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis in the United States as well as in the European Union and other regions.
Low-dose naltrexone has been studied for the treatment of multiple chronic pain disorders including fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, and complex regional pain syndrome. [2] Naltrexone is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medication-assisted treatment of alcoholism and opioid use disorders. [3]
Main symptoms of multiple sclerosis Symptoms and findings in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms varying significantly in severity and progression among individuals: changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech or swallowing (), visual ...