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In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. [1] The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation. [ 2 ]
Isidia are outgrowths of the thallus surface, and are corticated (i.e., containing the outermost layer of the thallus), usually with a columnar structure, and consisting of both fungal hyphae (the mycobiont) and algal cells (the photobiont).
Plants that have been used for bast fibre include flax (from which linen is made), hemp, jute, kenaf, kudzu, linden, milkweed, nettle, okra, paper mulberry, ramie, and roselle hemp. [citation needed] Bast fiber from oak trees forms the oldest preserved woven fabrics in the world.
Parts of plant stem Euonymus alata, an example of alate stems Saraca cauliflora, an example of cauliflora Sciadopitys verticillata, an example of a verticillate plant. Accessory buds – an embryonic shoot occurring above or to the side of an axillary bud; also known as supernumerary bud. Acrocarpous – produced at the end of a branch.
A direct correlation exists between pollution and the abundance and distribution of lichen. Foliose lichens are extremely sensitive to sulphur dioxide, which is a by-product of atmospheric pollution.
The fully corticated group previously referred to as Ceramium rubrum, an illegitimate name, is represented, in the British Isles by: Ceramium pallidum, Ceramium botryocarpum, Ceramium nodulosum and Ceramium secundatum.
Alectoria sarmentosa, Bryoria capillaris, and Sulcaria isidiifera are examples of alectorioid lichens. alectorioid lichen An informal growth form category used for lichens that are fruticose , typically with beard-like thalli that are pendant or clustered; this group of features is characteristic of lichens now classified in the genera ...
Download QR code; Print/export ... The branches become corticated near the base. ... Reproduction. The plants are dioecious. Spermatangia are borne near the tips of ...