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Foal immunodeficiency syndrome (FIS), originally known as Fell pony syndrome, mainly affects two breeds of ponies: the Fell and Dales. FIS is a recessive genetic disease . Affected foals appear normal at birth, but become weak, and either die or must be euthanized by three months of age due to persistent infections caused by immunodeficiency.
A foal at about weaning age. A foal is an equine up to one year old; this term is used mainly for horses, but can be used for donkeys. More specific terms are colt for a male foal and filly for a female foal, and are used until the horse is three or four. When the foal is nursing from its dam (mother), it may also be called a "suckling".
foal A foal 1. A young horse of either sex under the age of one year. [1]: 82 Derives from the Anglo-Saxon word fola. [8]: 193 May be qualified by sex: colt foal, filly foal. 2. Foaling: the act of a mare giving birth. [1]: 82 foaling box (UK), foaling stall (US) A large loose box providing space and privacy for a mare about to foal.
The disease has a similar cause to Hirschsprung's disease in humans. A mutation in the middle of the endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) gene causes lethal white syndrome when homozygous. Carriers, which are heterozygous—that is, have one copy of the mutated allele, but themselves are healthy—can now be reliably identified with a DNA test ...
The cause of wry nose in horses is unknown; it may have a genetic cause, or be due to malpositioning in the uterus. [1] A wry nose may cause difficulty during foaling (dystocia). [3] A foal with wry nose may have poor alignment (malocclusion) of the teeth, [2] although foals can usually still nurse and in most cases are bright and active. [4]
The problem with ramps is that they prevent the horse from freely chewing side-to-side. This causes improper and over wear of the molars. It will also, along with an underbite, cause severe discomfort when a bit is placed in the horses mouth. To solve the problem, the dominant tooth must be reduced to allow the opposing one to recover. [2]
Cerebellar abiotrophy in horses was originally thought to be a form of cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) and was described as such in older research literature. However, it was discovered that in horses, the die-off of purkinje cells began after the animal was born, rather than occurring in utero.
The risk of foaling problems is increased if the stallion's size is much larger than the mare's, or if the latter is too young (bred in her second year to foal at three, for example). The existence of muscular problems in meat horses has long been known. [35] Meat horse breeds are particularly affected by polysaccharide storage myopathy.