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  2. Line graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_graph

    A line perfect graph. The edges in each biconnected component are colored black if the component is bipartite, blue if the component is a tetrahedron, and red if the component is a book of triangles. The line graph of the complete graph K n is also known as the triangular graph, the Johnson graph J(n, 2), or the complement of the Kneser graph ...

  3. Graph theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory

    In an undirected simple graph of order n, the maximum degree of each vertex is n − 1 and the maximum size of the graph is ⁠ n(n − 1) / 2 ⁠. The edges of an undirected simple graph permitting loops induce a symmetric homogeneous relation on the vertices of that is called the adjacency relation of .

  4. Neighbourhood (graph theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbourhood_(graph_theory)

    Claw-free graphs are the graphs that are locally co-triangle-free; that is, for all vertices, the complement graph of the neighbourhood of the vertex does not contain a triangle. A graph that is locally H is claw-free if and only if the independence number of H is at most two; for instance, the graph of the regular icosahedron is claw-free ...

  5. Mycielskian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycielskian

    The first few graphs in this sequence are the graph M 2 = K 2 with two vertices connected by an edge, the cycle graph M 3 = C 5, and the Grötzsch graph M 4 with 11 vertices and 20 edges. In general, the graph M i is triangle-free , ( i −1)- vertex-connected , and i - chromatic .

  6. Bipartite graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipartite_graph

    A hypergraph is a combinatorial structure that, like an undirected graph, has vertices and edges, but in which the edges may be arbitrary sets of vertices rather than having to have exactly two endpoints. A bipartite graph (,,) may be used to model a hypergraph in which U is the set of vertices of the hypergraph, V is the set of hyperedges, and ...

  7. Shannon multigraph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_multigraph

    In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, Shannon multigraphs, named after Claude Shannon by Vizing (1965), are a special type of triangle graphs, which are used in the field of edge coloring in particular. A Shannon multigraph is multigraph with 3 vertices for which either of the following conditions holds:

  8. Triangle-free graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle-free_graph

    The Grötzsch graph is a triangle-free graph that cannot be colored with fewer than four colors. Much research about triangle-free graphs has focused on graph coloring. Every bipartite graph (that is, every 2-colorable graph) is triangle-free, and Grötzsch's theorem states that every triangle-free planar graph may be 3-colored. [8]

  9. Sperner's lemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperner's_lemma

    Each small triangle becomes a node in the new graph derived from the triangulation. The small letters identify the areas, eight inside the figure, and area i designates the space outside of it. As described previously, those nodes that share an edge whose endpoints are numbered 1 and 2 are joined in the derived graph.

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