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The FOIL method is a special case of a more general method for multiplying algebraic expressions using the distributive law.The word FOIL was originally intended solely as a mnemonic for high-school students learning algebra.
Many properties of a natural number n can be seen or directly computed from the prime factorization of n.. The multiplicity of a prime factor p of n is the largest exponent m for which p m divides n.
In algebra, the factor theorem connects polynomial factors with polynomial roots. Specifically, if f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} is a polynomial, then x − a {\displaystyle x-a} is a factor of f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} if and only if f ( a ) = 0 {\displaystyle f(a)=0} (that is, a {\displaystyle a} is a root of the polynomial).
with a corresponding factor graph shown on the right. Observe that the factor graph has a cycle. If we merge (,) (,) into a single factor, the resulting factor graph will be a tree. This is an important distinction, as message passing algorithms are usually exact for trees, but only approximate for graphs with cycles.
Algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies certain abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic operations other than the standard arithmetic operations, such as addition and multiplication.
The next odd divisor to be tested is 7. One has 77 = 7 · 11, and thus n = 2 · 3 2 · 7 · 11. This shows that 7 is prime (easy to test directly). Continue with 11, and 7 as a first divisor candidate. As 7 2 > 11, one has finished. Thus 11 is prime, and the prime factorization is; 1386 = 2 · 3 2 · 7 · 11.
In mathematics, an irreducible polynomial is, roughly speaking, a polynomial that cannot be factored into the product of two non-constant polynomials.The property of irreducibility depends on the nature of the coefficients that are accepted for the possible factors, that is, the ring to which the coefficients of the polynomial and its possible factors are supposed to belong.
The choice of relaxation factor ω is not necessarily easy, and depends upon the properties of the coefficient matrix. In 1947, Ostrowski proved that if A {\displaystyle A} is symmetric and positive-definite then ρ ( L ω ) < 1 {\displaystyle \rho (L_{\omega })<1} for 0 < ω < 2 {\displaystyle 0<\omega <2} .