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Earnings at risk (EaR) and the related cash flow at risk (CFaR) [1] [2] [3] are measures reflecting the potential impact of market risk on the income statement and cash flow statement respectively, and hence the risk to the institution's return on assets and, ultimately, return on equity.
A cash flow statement reports on a company's cash flow activities, particularly its operating, investing and financing activities over a stated period. Notably, a balance sheet represents a snapshot in time, whereas the income statement, the statement of changes in equity, and the cash flow statement each represent activities over an accounting ...
and "Risk assessment is the identification and analysis of relevant risks to achievement of the objectives." The SOX guidance states several hierarchical levels at which risk assessment may occur, such as entity, account, assertion, process, and transaction class. Objectives, risks, and controls may be analyzed at each of these levels.
At-Risk-Measures such as value at risk, Cash Flow at Risk or Earnings at Risk. Risk adjusted performance measures as RAROC and RARORAC. In summary, it can be concluded that the representation of risk and uncertainty in accounting systems is limited in scope and technique as well as dispersed over different systems. As of now, no specialised ...
Extensions to VaR include Margin-, Liquidity-, Earnings-and Cash flow at risk, as well as Liquidity-adjusted VaR. For both (i) and (ii), model risk is addressed [34] through regular validation of the models used by the bank's various divisions; for VaR models, backtesting is especially employed. Regulatory changes, are also twofold.
Equity risk is the risk that stock prices in general (not related to a particular company or industry) or the implied volatility will change. When it comes to long-term investing, equities provide a return that will hopefully exceed the risk free rate of return [7] The difference between return and the risk free rate is known as the equity risk ...
Risk accounting introduces the Risk Unit (RU) to measure non-financial risks, enabling their quantification, aggregation, and reporting. This approach uses three primary metrics: Inherent Risk, which quantifies the pre-mitigation level of non-financial risk in RUs; the Risk Mitigation Index (RMI), assessing the effectiveness of risk mitigation activities on a zero to 100 scale; and Residual ...
In accounting, a financial condition report (FCR) is a report on the solvency condition of an insurance company that takes into account both the current financial status, as reflected in the balance sheet, and an assessment of the ability of the company to survive future risk scenarios. [1] Risk assessment in an FCR involves dynamic solvency ...