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Bronchiectasis is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung. [5] Symptoms typically include a chronic cough with mucus production. [ 3 ] Other symptoms include shortness of breath , coughing up blood , and chest pain. [ 2 ]
Bronchiectasis refers to the abnormal, irreversible dilatation of the bronchi caused by destructive and inflammatory changes in the airway walls. Bronchiectasis has three major anatomical patterns: cylindrical bronchiectasis, varicose bronchiectasis and cystic bronchiectasis. [5]
Bronchiolitis obliterans affects up to 5.5% of people who have received HSCT. [21] One of the biggest risk factors after HSCT is the development of GVHD with a 14% risk. [ 22 ] Other risk factors post transplant including tobacco use, age of donor, age of recipient, lower baseline FEV1/FVC ratio, non-caucasian race, peripheral and lower ...
A lung cavity or pulmonary cavity is an abnormal, thick-walled, air-filled space within the lung. [1] Cavities in the lung can be caused by infections, cancer, autoimmune conditions, trauma, congenital defects, [2] or pulmonary embolism. [3] The most common cause of a single lung cavity is lung cancer. [4]
[4] [5] [6] Treatment is focused on three aspects: improving respiratory function, treating the underlying cause, and; preventing further damage and allow full recovery to the lung. Pulmonary edema can cause permanent organ damage, and when sudden (acute), can lead to respiratory failure or cardiac arrest due to hypoxia. [7]
Bronchorrhea is the production of more than 100 mL per day of watery sputum. [1] Chronic bronchitis is a common cause, but it may also be caused by asthma, [2] pulmonary contusion, [3] bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, cancer, scorpion stings, severe hypothermia and poisoning by organophosphates and other poisons.
[4] [5] [6] Due to its rarity it presents a difficulty in adult diagnoses, and its initial presentation can be confused with septic shock. [ 7 ] Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical history , the characteristic expiratory airway collapse on radiological investigation, and exclusion of other causes of congenital and acquired bronchiectasis .
Air trapping represents poorly aerated lung, but on its own is clinically benign. It is a common problem for smokers who dive. On diving the lung volume collapses and pushes air into the poorly aerated regions. On arising from a deep depth, these air-trapped areas of lung expand. This places great pressure on the lung tissue which can rupture. [3]