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COSMO-RS (short for COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents) [1] [2] [3] is a quantum chemistry based equilibrium thermodynamics method with the purpose of predicting chemical potentials μ in liquids. It processes the screening charge density σ on the surface of molecules to calculate the chemical potential μ of each species in ...
In chemistry, solvent effects are the influence of a solvent on chemical reactivity or molecular associations. Solvents can have an effect on solubility , stability and reaction rates and choosing the appropriate solvent allows for thermodynamic and kinetic control over a chemical reaction.
In United States Pharmacopeia (USP) General Chapter <711> Dissolution, there are four dissolution apparatuses standardized and specified. [6] They are: USP Dissolution Apparatus 1 – Basket (37 °C ± 0.5 °C ) USP Dissolution Apparatus 2 – Paddle (37 °C ± 0.5 °C) USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 – Reciprocating Cylinder (37 °C ± 0.5 °C)
In terms of niche applications, 1,2-dichlorobenzene is a versatile, high-boiling solvent. It is a preferred solvent for dissolving and working with fullerenes . It is an insecticide for termites and locust borers, historically used by the United States Forest Service to combat widespread bark beetle outbreaks.
In solvent casting and particulate leaching (SCPL), a polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent. Particles, mainly salts, with specific dimensions are then added to the solution. The mixture is shaped into its final geometry. For example, it can be cast onto a glass plate to produce a membrane or in a three-dimensional mold to produce a scaffold.
Relative accessible surface area or relative solvent accessibility (RSA) of a protein residue is a measure of residue solvent exposure. It can be calculated by formula: It can be calculated by formula:
Modeling the solvent as a polarizable continuum, rather than individual molecules, makes ab initio computation more readily achievable. Two types of PCMs have been popularly used: the dielectric PCM (D-PCM), in which the continuum is polarizable (see dielectrics ), and the conductor-like PCM (C-PCM), in which the continuum is conductor-like ...
The iodometric titration is a general method to determine the concentration of an oxidising agent in solution. In an iodometric titration, a starch solution is used as an indicator since it can absorb the I 2 that is released, visually indicating a positive iodine-starch test with a deep blue hue.