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  2. List of philosophical problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical_problems

    The opposite has also been claimed, for example by Karl Popper, who held that such problems do exist, that they are solvable, and that he had actually found definite solutions to some of them. David Chalmers divides inquiry into philosophical progress in meta-philosophy into three questions.

  3. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Overconfidence effect, a tendency to have excessive confidence in one's own answers to questions. For example, for certain types of questions, answers that people rate as "99% certain" turn out to be wrong 40% of the time. [5] [44] [45] [46] Planning fallacy, the tendency for people to underestimate the time it will take them to complete a ...

  4. Criticism of postmodernism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_postmodernism

    It has been suggested that the term "postmodernism" is a mere buzzword that means nothing. For example, Dick Hebdige, in Hiding in the Light, writes: When it becomes possible for a people to describe as 'postmodern' the décor of a room, the design of a building, the diegesis of a film, the construction of a record, or a 'scratch' video, a television commercial, or an arts documentary, or the ...

  5. Philosophical skepticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_skepticism

    Our impressions become less critical through repetition and custom; All men are brought up with different beliefs, under different laws and social conditions; Another set are known as the five tropes of Agrippa: Dissent – The uncertainty demonstrated by the differences of opinions among philosophers and people in general.

  6. Self-criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-criticism

    Self-criticism in psychology is typically studied and discussed as a negative personality trait in which a person has a disrupted self-identity. [1] The opposite of self-criticism would be someone who has a coherent, comprehensive, and generally positive self-identity. Self-criticism is often associated with major depressive disorder.

  7. Cognitive distortion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_distortion

    Inferring a person's possible or probable (usually negative) thoughts from their behaviour and nonverbal communication; taking precautions against the worst suspected case without asking the person. Example 1: A student assumes that the readers of their paper have already made up their minds concerning its topic, and, therefore, writing the ...

  8. Skepticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skepticism

    Skepticism, also spelled scepticism in British English, is a questioning attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma. [1] For example, if a person is skeptical about claims made by their government about an ongoing war then the person doubts that these claims are accurate.

  9. Varieties of criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varieties_of_criticism

    Aesthetic criticism is a part of aesthetics concerned with critically judging beauty and ugliness, tastefulness and tastelessness, style and fashion, meaning and quality of design—and issues of human sentiment and affect (the evoking of pleasure and pain, likes and dislikes).