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Approximately 505,000 km 3 (121,000 cu mi) of water falls as precipitation each year, 398,000 km 3 (95,000 cu mi) of it over the oceans. [10] [15] The rain on land contains 107,000 km 3 (26,000 cu mi) of water per year and a snowing only 1,000 km 3 (240 cu mi). [15] 78% of global precipitation occurs over the ocean. [11]
The social environment is a broader concept than that of social class or social circle. The physical and social environment is a determining factor in active and healthy aging in place, being a central factor in the study of environmental gerontology. [3] Moreover, the social environment is the setting where people live and interact. It ...
For Earth's current orbital eccentricity, incoming solar radiation varies by about 6.8%, while the distance from the Sun currently varies by only 3.4% (5.1 million km or 3.2 million mi or 0.034 au). [11] Perihelion presently occurs around 3 January, while aphelion is around 4 July.
Social cycle theories are among the earliest social theories in sociology. Unlike the theory of social evolutionism , which views the evolution of society and human history as progressing in some new, unique direction(s), sociological cycle theory argues that events and stages of society and history generally repeat themselves in cycles.
An early process analog model was an electrical network model of an aquifer composed of resistors in a grid. [6] Voltages were assigned along the outer boundary, and then measured within the domain. Electrical conductivity paper [ 7 ] can also be used instead of resistors.
[9] [10] [11] [5] Estimates of the amount of water in the mantle range from 1 ⁄ 4 to 4 times the water in the ocean. [12] There are 1.37×10 18 m 3 of water in the seas, therefore, this would suggest that there is between 3.4×10 17 and 5.5×10 18 m 3 of water in the mantle. Constraints on water in the mantle come from mantle mineralogy ...
Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. [1] [2]As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, [3] social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.