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The RCA clean is a standard set of wafer cleaning steps which need to be performed before high-temperature processing steps (oxidation, diffusion, CVD) of silicon wafers in semiconductor manufacturing. Werner Kern developed the basic procedure in 1965 while working for RCA, the Radio Corporation of America.
Sublimation is the process of changing of any substance (usually on heating) from a solid to a gas (or from gas to a solid) without passing through liquid phase. In terms of purification - material is heated, often under vacuum, and the vapors of the material are then condensed back to a solid on a cooler surface.
Separation and Purification Technology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier, covering methods for separation and purification in chemical and environmental engineering, including research on the separation and purification of liquids, vapors, and gases, as well as carbon capture and separation, excluding methods intended for analytical purposes, soil science, polymer ...
Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (shortened polyDADMAC or polyDDA), also commonly polyquaternium-6, is a homopolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC). The molecular weight of polyDADMAC is typically in the range of hundreds of thousands of grams per mole, and even up to a million for some products.
Liquid Nitrogen Wash is a process mainly used for the production of ammonia synthesis gas within fertilizer production plants. It is usually the last purification step in the ammonia production process sequence upstream of the actual ammonia production .
The titanium is fed into the process in form of ore together with the coke. Titanium ore is a mixture of oxides. The added O 2 leaves the process with the product TiO 2, the added coke leaves the process together with the added oxygen from the titanium ore in form of CO and CO 2. The other fed metals leave the process in form of metal chlorides ...
The technique can be used on scales from micrograms up to kilograms. The main advantage of column chromatography is the relatively low cost and disposability of the stationary phase used in the process. The latter prevents cross-contamination and stationary phase degradation due to recycling.
The purification process utilizes the cementation process to further purify the zinc. It uses zinc dust and steam to remove copper, cadmium, cobalt, and nickel, which would interfere with the electrolysis process. After purification, concentrations of these impurities are limited to less than 0.05 milligram per liter (4×10 −7 pound per U.S ...
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