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A DNA sequencer is a scientific instrument used to automate the DNA sequencing process. Given a sample of DNA , a DNA sequencer is used to determine the order of the four bases: G ( guanine ), C ( cytosine ), A ( adenine ) and T ( thymine ).
Automated DNA-sequencing instruments (DNA sequencers) can sequence up to 384 DNA samples in a single batch. Batch runs may occur up to 24 times a day. Batch runs may occur up to 24 times a day. DNA sequencers separate strands by size (or length) using capillary electrophoresis , they detect and record dye fluorescence, and output data as ...
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The advent of rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly accelerated biological and medical research and ...
The protein sequencer, DNA synthesizer, peptide synthesizer, and DNA sequencer were commercialized through Applied Biosystems, Inc. [13]: 218 and the ink-jet technology was commercialized through Agilent Technologies. [9] [10] The automated DNA sequencer was an enabling technology for the Human Genome Project. [7]
The DNA sequencing is done on a chip that contains many ZMWs. Inside each ZMW, a single active DNA polymerase with a single molecule of single stranded DNA template is immobilized to the bottom through which light can penetrate and create a visualization chamber that allows monitoring of the activity of the DNA polymerase at a single molecule level.
Diagram illustrating the development process of avian flu vaccine by reverse genetics techniques. Reverse genetics is a method in molecular genetics that is used to help understand the function(s) of a gene by analysing the phenotypic effects caused by genetically engineering specific nucleic acid sequences within the gene.
During sequencing, each base in the template is sequenced twice, and the resulting data are decoded according to this scheme. SOLiD (Sequencing by Oligonucleotide Ligation and Detection) is a next-generation DNA sequencing technology developed by Life Technologies and has been commercially available since 2006.
Maxam–Gilbert sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing developed by Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert in 1976–1977. This method is based on nucleobase-specific partial chemical modification of DNA and subsequent cleavage of the DNA backbone at sites adjacent to the modified nucleotides. [1] An example Maxam–Gilbert sequencing reaction.