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Neonatal encephalopathy (NE), previously known as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (neonatal HIE or NHIE), is defined as a encephalopathy syndrome with signs and symptoms of abnormal neurological function, in the first few days of life in an infant born after 35 weeks of gestation.
Treating the underlying cause of the disorder may improve or reverse symptoms. However, in some cases, the encephalopathy may cause permanent structural changes and irreversible damage to the brain. These permanent deficits can be considered a form of stable dementia. Some encephalopathies can be fatal. [citation needed]
For newborn infants starved of oxygen during birth, there is now evidence that hypothermia therapy for neonatal encephalopathy applied within 6 hours of cerebral hypoxia effectively improves survival and neurological outcome. [25] [26] In adults, however, the evidence is less convincing and the first goal of treatment is to restore oxygen to ...
Newborn cerebral softening has traditionally been attributed to trauma at birth and its effect on brain tissue into adulthood. [7] However, more recent research shows that cerebral softening in newborns and the degeneration of white matter is caused by asphyxia and/or later infection.
Glycine encephalopathy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycine metabolism. After phenylketonuria, glycine encephalopathy is the second most common disorder of amino acid metabolism. The disease is caused by defects in the glycine cleavage system, an enzyme responsible for glycine catabolism. There are several forms of the disease ...
A mother holding her son who was born with microcephaly due to vertically transmitted infection with Zika virus. Microcephaly (from Neo-Latin microcephalia, from Ancient Greek μικρός mikrós "small" and κεφαλή kephalé "head" [2]) is a medical condition involving a smaller-than-normal head. [3]
Kernicterus is a bilirubin-induced brain dysfunction. [1] The term was coined in 1904 by Christian Georg Schmorl.Bilirubin is a naturally occurring substance in the body of humans and many other animals, but it is neurotoxic when its concentration in the blood is too high, a condition known as hyperbilirubinemia.
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: This is the most common cause of seizures in the neonatal period, [39] causing approximately 33% of neonatal seizures. [4] The onset of seizure associated with it occurs within first 12 to 24 hrs of life.