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Modernity, a topic in the humanities and social sciences, is both a historical period (the modern era) and the ensemble of particular socio - cultural norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the Renaissance —in the Age of Reason of 17th-century thought and the 18th-century Enlightenment. Commentators variously consider the ...
Modernization theory or modernisation theory (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) holds that as societies become more economically modernized, wealthier and more educated, their political institutions become increasingly liberal democratic. [1] The "classical" theories of modernization of the 1950s and 1960s, most influentially ...
A society(/səˈsaɪəti/) is a group of individualsinvolved in persistent social interaction or a large social groupsharing the same spatial or socialterritory, typically subject to the same politicalauthority and dominant cultural expectations. Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who ...
A complex society is characterized by the following modern features: Organizational society wherein its economy is structured according to specialization and a division of labor . These economic features spawn a bureaucratic class and institutionalize inequality.
Civilizations can be seen as networks of cities that emerge from pre-urban cultures and are defined by the economic, political, military, diplomatic, social and cultural interactions among them. Any organization is a complex social system and a civilization is a large organization.
Late modernity (or liquid modernity) is the characterization of today's highly developed global societies as the continuation (or development) of modernity rather than as an element of the succeeding era known as postmodernity, or the postmodern. [citation needed] Introduced as "liquid" modernity by the Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman, late ...
e. Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or social evolution are theories of sociobiology and cultural evolution that describe how societies and culture change over time. Whereas sociocultural development traces processes that tend to increase the complexity of a society or culture, sociocultural evolution also considers process ...
Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political). It is a hierarchy within groups that ascribe them to different levels of privileges. [1]