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Greek spelling of logos. Logos (UK: / ˈ l oʊ ɡ ɒ s, ˈ l ɒ ɡ ɒ s /, US: / ˈ l oʊ ɡ oʊ s /; Ancient Greek: λόγος, romanized: lógos, lit. 'word, discourse, or reason') is a term used in Western philosophy, psychology and rhetoric, as well as religion (notably Christianity); among its connotations is that of a rational form of discourse that relies on inductive and deductive ...
These include ethos, pathos, and logos, all three of which appear in Aristotle's Rhetoric. [1] Together with those three modes of persuasion, there is also a fourth term called Kairos ( Ancient Greek : καιρός), which is related to the “moment” that the speech is going to be held. [ 2 ]
Plato (left) and Aristotle, depicted here in The School of Athens, both developed philosophical arguments addressing the universe's apparent order (). Teleology (from τέλος, telos, 'end', 'aim', or 'goal', and λόγος, logos, 'explanation' or 'reason') [1] or finality [2] [3] is a branch of causality giving the reason or an explanation for something as a function of its end, its ...
According to Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC), "Spoken words are the symbols of mental experience and written words are the symbols of spoken words." [ 4 ] Jean-Jacques Rousseau similarly states, "Writing is nothing but the representation of speech; it is bizarre that one gives more care to the determining of the image than to the object."
Aristotle's theory of pathos has three main foci: the frame of mind the audience is in, the variation of emotion between people, and the influence the rhetor has on the emotions of the audience. Aristotle classifies the third of this trio as the ultimate goal of pathos. [ 8 ]
[6] Inventio is linked with logos such that it deals with what an author would say as opposed to how it might be said. [8] Aristotle defined ethos as an appeal based on a speaker's character within a persuasive act. Later, the Roman rhetorician Cicero expanded this definition to contain elements of character outside a particular rhetorical act. [9]
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Logos is the one principle at work, that gives order to the manifold in the world." [42] For Dietz, dialogue means "a kind of thinking, acting and speaking, which the logos "passes through"" [43] Therefore, talking to each other is merely one part of "dialogue". Acting dialogically means directing someone's attention to another one and to ...