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The typical McCabe–Thiele diagram in Figure 1 uses a q-line representing a partially vaporized feed. Example q-line slopes are presented in Figure 2. The number of steps between the operating lines and the equilibrium line represents the number of theoretical plates (or equilibrium stages) required for the distillation. For the binary ...
These types of VLE diagrams are used in the McCabe–Thiele method to determine the number of equilibrium stages (or theoretical plates) needed to distill a given composition binary feed mixture into one distillate fraction and one bottoms fraction. Corrections can also be made to take into account the incomplete efficiency of each tray in a ...
Fractionation at total reflux. The Fenske equation in continuous fractional distillation is an equation used for calculating the minimum number of theoretical plates required for the separation of a binary feed stream by a fractionation column that is being operated at total reflux (i.e., which means that no overhead product distillate is being withdrawn from the column).
Design and operation of a distillation column depends on the feed and desired products. Given a simple, binary component feed, analytical methods such as the McCabe–Thiele method [5] [6] [7] or the Fenske equation [5] can be used to assist in the design.
McCabe–Thiele method – Chemical engineering technique; Fenske equation – Equation used in chemical engineering; Flash evaporation § Equilibrium flash of a multi-component liquid; Volatility (chemistry) – Tendency of a substance to vaporize
The design and operation of a fractionating column depends on the composition of the feed as well as the composition of the desired products. Given a simple, binary component feed, analytical methods such as the McCabe–Thiele method [5] [8] [9] or the Fenske equation [5] can be used. For a multi-component feed, simulation models are used both ...
Process flow diagram showing an extractive distillation apparatus. In this case the mixture components A and B are separated in the first column through the solvent E (recovered in the second column).
Diagram of a Batch Rectifier. The simplest and most frequently used batch distillation configuration is the batch rectifier, including the alembic and pot still.The batch rectifier consists of a pot (or reboiler), rectifying column, a condenser, some means of splitting off a portion of the condensed vapour (distillate) as reflux, and one or more receivers.